Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the synovial lining of joints, causing inflammation, pain, and progressive joint damage. When it affects the hip, it can lead to significant cartilage loss and bone erosion.

Unlike osteoarthritis which is primarily mechanical wear, RA causes inflammation that can damage the joint from the inside. It often affects both hips symmetrically and may be associated with other joint involvement, fatigue, and systemic symptoms.

Management involves collaboration between rheumatology (for disease-modifying drugs) and orthopaedics (for joint-specific treatments). Modern biologic medications have transformed outcomes, but some patients still require surgical intervention for severely damaged joints.